Chrysler: Dealers' Turn For Pain
Joann Muller, 02.11.08, 6:00 AM ET
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Chrysler's new management has figured out one thing: It can't fix the company without dramatically shrinking the carmaker's bloated dealer network. The handwriting has been on the wall for years. Having too many showrooms is not good for dealers or for the brands they sell.
The plan from Chief Executive Robert Nardelli and Vice Chairman James Press sounds simple enough: Eliminate overlapping models and consolidate showrooms so that Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge vehicles are sold in the same stores. The initiative even has a fresh-sounding name: Project Genesis.
This is not a new idea. Chrysler has been trying for nearly a decade to encourage its dealers to merge or sell out, in hopes of creating a core network of stronger, more profitable "Alpha" stores selling all three brands. As with similar initiatives under way at
General Motors (nyse:
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people ) and
Ford Motor (nyse:
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people ), progress has been glacially slow. One reason: a slew of state and federal franchise laws that protect dealers' rights. Also, buyers and sellers often can't agree on how much a store is worth. Besides, dealers can still make decent money on service and used car sales, so they aren't terribly motivated to shutter a family business built over generations.
Now, amid a wrenching contraction in Detroit, Chrysler's private owners at Cerberus Capital Management have a new tactic to force the issue. They plan to starve dealers into submission.
This, of course, is not how Chrysler executives paint their new strategy. They say that for too long, Chrysler has allowed its marketing decisions to be driven by manufacturing concerns--how many vehicles can a factory churn out to maximize efficiency? As a result, Chrysler produced too many overlapping models that consumers didn't really want, causing Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge dealers to compete with each other with ever-higher incentives.
The solution, says Press, is to pare back the three brands' lineups by eliminating copycat vehicles, while adding new models in market segments where Chrysler currently is weak. For example, Chrysler has two minivans, the Dodge Grand Caravan and the Chrysler Town & Country. "They really serve the same customers," said Press. "Why not have a great van for families and mature people, and have another that went after young people, like Scion does?" he said, referring to the youth brand owned by his former employer,
Toyota (nyse:
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Likewise, he said, Chrysler doesn't need two look-alike midsized sedans in the Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Avenger. "Isn't it better to do one that's world-class, and then add a crossover utility off the same platform?" (a strategy that's worked well at Toyota, with the Camry sedan and Highlander crossover, for instance). "Why do we need 11 SUVs?" Press added. Four or five would be better, he said.
Media reports have suggested Chrysler will winnow its lineup to 18 or 20 vehicles--perhaps six cars, six trucks and six SUVs--down from 30 today, but Press said those decisions haven't been made yet. "We don't know how many models we're going to have. Nobody knows that."
No one can argue with Chrysler's logic. "This is long overdue," says industry consultant John Casesa, managing director of Casesa Strategic Partners, and a former Wall Street analyst. Having a strong, profitable dealer network is a huge advantage for Toyota, and a huge disadvantage for domestics like Chrysler, he says. "In the case of the Japanese, strong dealers have the profitability to reinvest in their facilities, hire the best salespeople and, perhaps most importantly, spend more on advertising and marketing to ********* the market."
One thing's clear, however: By sharply reducing the number of overlapping models offered under each brand, Chrysler will make it all but impossible for stand-alone dealers to survive. "Dealers understand that if they don't have all three brands under one roof, they won't be able to sell the entire lineup of vehicles," explained Press.
That's the stick. But where's the carrot? Chrysler and its deep-pocketed owners are underestimating how difficult and costly it will be to force dealers to close their doors. Of course, they could fix this problem once and for all if they would ante up some cash incentives to dealers, the way they've handed out billions in buyouts to unionized workers.
Mercedes-Benz proved in the 1990s that a massive buyout of dealers can be successful. Back then, Mercedes dealers were getting clobbered by newcomers Lexus and Infiniti. As a result, they weren't investing in their stores, and risked falling further behind. So Mercedes bought out more than 100 underperforming dealers (20% of the total) and convinced the remaining ones to invest some $2 billion in their stores over the next decade. Dealer profits improved dramatically, as did Mercedes sales.
Forbes estimates that if Chrysler were to apply a buyout formula similar to the one used at Mercedes--say $2,000 per car sold annually--it would cost about $1.9 billion to buy out some 1,600 dealers. That would leave Chrysler with about 2,000 dealers, each selling a healthier 1,000 cars a year. Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep franchises currently sell a combined 756 vehicles per store, vs. Toyota, which sells 1,821 vehicles per store (not including Lexus). To right-size its dealer networks, GM would have to spend about $3.3 billion, and Ford would have to spend about $2 billion, Forbes calculated.
Yet this is not money Detroit automakers are likely to spend. "We could write these really big checks," said Press, "but they would bounce."
And Chrysler might not have to, given the sorry state of the industry. Amid weak car sales, Chrysler might have enough leverage to convince struggling dealers they have no other options.
It's a brutal, but most likely effective, strategy. "I think it'll scare a lot of them," says Alan B. Helfman, vice president of River Oaks Chrysler Jeep in Houston, who also owns a Dodge dealership. "It's an ominous thing when the factory tells you they're going to do this."
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We're going to be the best damn little car company in America," says Press. But nobody said it wouldn't hurt