There are certainly exotic metals that are resistant to acids much more so than what is likely some form of common stainless steel on the cats. Let alone the aluminized steel the rest of the exhaust is made of...
Ceramics in the chemical industry are one of the king of the hill kind of materials when it comes to corrosion resistance. Not universally resistant to everything, but can go where other materials can't especially when you need structural properties..
To answer your question specifically though, anything that can dissolve the catalytic substrate is going to take the stainless can with it.
Interesting. Thanks.