I only partially agree with Gary. There are always variables. But you could also argue that the oil temp, coolant temp, outside temp, etc... need to also all be the same for a 'perfect' match.
The dyno itself (at least MOST of them) take a temp and barometric pressure reading BEFORE each pull (it is actually data recorded in each pull) and it creates a 'modifier' for your power output. In fact, the reason people use SAE as their dyno measurement value is b/c the SAE calculation ADDS correction factor when needed and SUBTRACT when it isn't needed.
The drum weight of a dyno (which goes into the correction factor) is unique and precise on EACH dyno. so if you went to two different dynos the same day you may or may not get identical readings. probably not.
But if you go to the SAME dyno twice in one year then any noticeable modification will show up on the 2nd trip regardless of the time of year.
RE: D'man's 'what gear' question, you want the dyno to pick up as close to a 1:1 ratio as possible of the engine... so 4th gear is the best option in a viper. if you dyno in 3rd, you (in theory) will see the same readings. in theory.
I've got over 430 dyno runs on the same car on the same dyno over the past 9 years. I don't disqualify them because they weren't all runs on the same day.
The gas comment: I call BS on that one. That's pure crapola. but my .02 that it's crapola.
If you do a dyno run today, make a change, go back tomorrow, and the car runs better or worse, you can be pretty darn sure that the change was responsible. On the other hand, if you see no change or LESS power (Gen 2 TB upgrades on STOCK cars actually see this), then you can't blame the weather or the day... it's the modification or the combination of modifications working together.
JD