I can help with duh old calipers...
The obvious is if the pistons are not retracting and pads are slightly dragging. Use pliers or the piston tool to rotate the piston clockwise, pushing at the same time, to reseat the piston.
The less obvious is if the caliper is not floating and getting stuck on the slides. Sometimes the small rubber boot covering the end of the large attaching bolt gets abraded by brake pad debris. Once it has a hole in it, more pad debris and road dirt may contaminate the grease. You'll have to remove the pads and the rotor to inspect it. In any case, without the pads in place, the caliper body should move in towards the differential and outwards toward the wheel fairly easily - certainly by using only one hand.
Is there anything under the car that would affect air flow? Could the brake be working normally but the dust is more prone to blowing onto the wheel?