Skip the waterless coolant and hose nonsense for now.
You need to figure out "what is hot, and what is not". None of your temp readings indicated anything near 200+ degrees.
There are multiple sensors inside the coolant temp sensor in the head. The chance that you lost 2-3 of them at the same time, is *highly* unlikely.
Most likely, your waterpump impeller is shot, and you have no coolant flow, so the head is overheating. If the block is very hot too, then possible stuck closed thermostat. Open the heater core valve and turn the heat on. If that gets hot as hell when the gauge is climbing, then you have a stuck closed t-stat. If it doesnt, then bad water pump.
This should be relatively simple stuff to troubleshoot. Dont over complicate it or piss away money on things that definitely have nothing to do with it.